Consumer Protection Act

B andhua Mukti Morcha vs Union Of India & Others on 16 December, 1983. The entire Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India & Ors. The case is a noteworthy instance in bonded labor in the history of our country. In 1976, the Bonded Labor (Abolition) Act was signed into law. The unambiguous obligation of Article 21 of the constitution is the recognition, discharge, and adequate reintegration of bonded individuals. To preserve the dignity and worth of bonded laborers, the Act was authorized underneath the legislature’s Directive Principles of State Policy. A violation of the Constitution’s Article 21, however, would ensue if the Indian government is willing not to step in. One of the historical verdicts addressing the poor and worsening conditions of Bonded labor in Developing countries is Bandhua Mukti Morcha Vs. Union of India and Ors. Bandhua Mukti Morcha, a philanthropic non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting human wellbeing and is mannered to the aim of the emanci...

Ans:  Peoples' Union For Democratic vs State Of Bihar & Ors on 19 December, 1986 Equivalent citations: 1987 AIR 355, 1987 SCR (1) 631 (1) Without prejudice to any just claim for compensation that may be advanced by the relations of the victims who have died or by the injured persons themselves, for every case of death compensation of Rupees twenty thou- sand and for every injured person compensation of Rupees five thousand shall be paid. Where some compensation has already been paid, the same may be adjusted when the amount now directed is being paid. These payments be made within two months hence. (2) In case the petitioner gets implead- ed in the pending writ petition before the High Court or filed a separate writ petition and presses for disclosure of the Report of Mr. Kumar, the High Court may examine the question as to whether the report will be made public and in the event of privilege being claimed, the question of privilege will also be examined by the High Court. (3) W...

Ans:  The following is an example in which an NGO take an action in court for protecting human rights. Supreme Court of India Vishaka & Ors vs State Of Rajasthan & Ors on 13 August, 1997.  Vishaka and Ors. v State of Rajasthan was a 1997 Indian Supreme Court case where various women's groups led by Naina Kapur and her organisation, Sakshi filed Public Interest Litigation (PIL) against the state of Rajasthan and the central Government of India to enforce the fundamental rights of working women under Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution of India. The petition was filed after Bhanwari Devi, a social worker in Rajasthan, was brutally gang raped for stopping a child marriage. The court decided that the consideration of "International Conventions and norms are significant for the purpose of interpretation of the guarantee of gender equality, right to work with human dignity in Articles 14, 15, 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constitution and the safeguards against sexual harass...

Ans: A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a group that functions independently of any government. It is usually non-profit. NGOs, sometimes called civil society organizations, are established on community, national, and international levels to serve a social or political goal such as a humanitarian cause or the protection of the environment. For example, NGOs might focus on activities in areas involving health or health emergencies, education, infrastructure, advocacy of minority rights, support of the poor, and the reduction of crime. The term NGO is generally accepted to refer to usually non-profit, private organizations that operate outside of government control. Some NGOs rely primarily on volunteers while others support a paid staff. The World Bank identifies two broad groups of NGOs: Operational NGOs, which focus on the design and implementation of development projects. Advocacy NGOs, which defend or promote a specific cause and seek to influence public  policy. Some NGOs...

Ans: NGOs are nonprofit organisations by nature and they do not work for trade or business purpose but may profit through the sales of goods and services; these profits are then used for their aims and objectives. Thus, NGO does not work for commercial purpose and is a consumer according to section 7 of consumer protection act, 2019. 

Ans: According to section 7 of consumer protection act, 2019, the  persons buying goods either for resale or for use in large-scale profit-making activity will not be a consumer entitled to protection under the Act. The Court, while going by the ordinary meaning of the expression 'commercial purpose', said that 'Commercial' denotes “pertaining to commerce”.